EPA finalized new standards to emissions of ethylene oxide (EtO), a human carcinogen, from chemical sterilizers on Apr. 5, 2024. EPA estimated the new standards would lower EtO emissions from commercial sterilizers by 90%. In addition to setting more stringent EtO emissions standards, the rule increases accountability and transparency by requiring continuous emissions monitoring and quarterly reporting for most commercial sterilizers. EPA estimated that reducing EtO exposure will help alleviate cancer risk for workers and nearby communities. Of the 88 covered facilities, EPA found many are located near residences, schools, and other public facilities, and 23 pose high lifetime cancer risks to surrounding communities, including several facilities in Puerto Rico.
Biden issued an executive order to implement the April 2024 rule Jan. 16, 2025. The order provides a process for presidential exemptions from the standards set in the EtO rule.