For the first time, OMB issued a general ecosystem services cost-benefit guide for federal agencies, providing guidance on how agencies should weigh “contributions to human welfare from the environment or ecosystems” in their cost-benefit analyses of rulemakings. The guidance built on OMB’s November revisions to its cost-benefit guidance, Circular A-4. In the guidance, OMB encouraged agencies to “pay close attention” to localized effects, including health or other impacts on overburdened communities. The guidance also encouraged agencies to account for changes in culturally valued experiences stemming from changes to ecosystem services, including for Tribal Nations and Indigenous Peoples.